It also reports its GHG emissions as a group to the UNFCCC, making the EU the world’s third-largest emitter, after China and the US. The European Union conducts climate negotiations as a group. These countries argue that developed countries have monopolised the carbon budget, with the US responsible for about 25% of all CO2 emissions since 1750, and the EU countries for 22%, though they have only around 20% of the world’s population. One contentious issue is that economies that are currently high emitters like China (the world’s largest) or India (fourth largest) only started emitting CO2 relatively recently as they industrialised. It holds that responsibility for reducing emissions ought to be determined based on current rather than historical levels of emissions. This group does not believe that the difference between Annex I (developed) and Non-Annex I (developing) countries created by the Kyoto Protocol should exist. The group has maintained that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions needed to keep global temperature rise within two degrees Celsius – preferably within 1.5C – as per the Paris Agreement must come from all countries, including developing countries.įurther, the group – which includes the world’s second-largest emitter, the US – maintains that the stringency of reporting and accounting for emissions should be the same for all countries. Large industrialised countries that are high carbon emitters like the US, Australia and Canada are an integral part of the Umbrella Group. This is a group of mostly developed countries, with some middle-income economies too. To comprehend the dynamics of negotiations under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) it is helpful to understand these blocs ahead of COP26. The blocs often overlap, and their shifting as well as relatively constant positions can be confusing.Īlmost every country is a member of more than one bloc, and some countries have changed blocs since climate negotiations started in the 1990s. During negotiations, a group of countries will jointly support certain policies, targets or points of view. These groups present countries’ specific interests, and therefore can be composed of countries from multiple regions. Countries usually do not act alone at climate negotiations: they act in blocs.
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